"When an influenza A virus switches hosts, as the 1918 pandemic virus did, it must be able to survive in a new infectious ecosystem. It must be able to infect target epithelial cells, replicate, and be transmitted efficiently between members of the new host species. It does not have to be highly pathogenic, given that killing or incapacitating the host would not enhance viral spread. Whereas the 1918 pandemic virus was inherently pathogenic, its subsequent history (e.g., between 1918 and 1946 and after its 1977 reappearance until 2008) was one of apparent viral attenuation over decades of post-pandemic circulation. Regardless of accumulating humoral and cellular immunity in the human population, human seasonal influenza A/H1N1 viruses of the last few decades do not share the pathogenic properties of the 1918 pandemic virus in various animal models."
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Influenza
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