"During the mid-1800s, the nation welcome the first wave of large-scale immigration from Europe since the Revoltuion. Prompted by war, famine, and political disruption, and tied to both cheap land in the West and a growing industrial capability in the Northeast, these immigrants, primarily from Ireland and Germany, were largely Roman Catholic. To many native born Americans, such an influx brought with it societal strain and challenge, and also religious tension. The Reformation divide between Protestants and Catholics was still very much alive, and the early nineteenth century witnessed a wave of anti-Catholicism, which included riots and bloodshed. These events helped bolster both Catholic and Protestant identity, each largely independent of the other."
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Jason S. Lantzer, “Mainline Christianity: The Past and Future of America's Majority Faith”, ch.2 “Building the New Jerusalem: The High Tide of the Seven Sisters”, p. 28
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States
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Immigration to the United States
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