"Theoretical and computational chemistry contribute greatly to our understanding of conformational preferences of both stable molecules and transition states. Molecular mechanics methods (classical or force field) help define the conformational preferences of reactants and products. These methods are empirical, having been parameterized to reproduce experimental structures and energies and/or data provided by high-level quantum mechanical calculations."
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George S. Zweifel and Michael H. Nantz, Modern Organic Synthesis (2006), Ch. 2. Stereochemical Considerations in Planning Syntheses
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Conformational isomerism
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