"Their number can only be guessed but was not large and definitely was dwarfed by the export of slaves from India during the Ghaznavid and Ghurid raids in northern India in the eleventh to thirteenth centuries. From the Kanauj campaign of 1018 until the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate by Aybak in 1206 a vast stream of perhaps more than several hundred thousands of Indian slaves reached Ghazna, and hence were traded to other parts of the Islamic world.60 In the thirteenth century Delhi developed into a considerable slave market and Multan became the entrepot for the westward trade of slaves which were then obtained from as far as the Deccan but also nearer at home in unsubdued parts of the Muslim realm. Timur’s capture of Delhi in 1398-9 provided the last massive haul of Hindu slaves by an invader, and after the four­ teenth century slavery in India generally declined in scale.61 But eunuchs from al-Hind are found in some numbers in the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt in the fifteenth century.62 The export of Indian slaves went on well into Mughal times, and even later. In the Mughal Empire there were no large slave markets but in the seventeenth century we hear of the enslavement and deportation by the Mughal nobility of thousands of ‘refractory’ Hindu peasants, and of pastoralists and vagrants, to Persia (now no longer via Multan but via Kabul), where they were sold or bartered for horses and dogs."