"The second quantum revolution... was the term coined by... Alain Aspect to describe the changes in physics, the beginnings of which date back to the 1960s. ...he brought together two different threads. The first one embraced the emergence of the awareness of the importance of... entanglement. ...It started a conceptual revolution, including the perspective of building quantum computers... The second thread derives from physicists' ability to isolate, control, and observe single quantum systems such as electrons, neutrons and atoms. Finally these threads merged into a new field of research entitled quantum information. In Aspect's formulation... he posited two quantum revolutions taking place in the twentieth century. The first one, in the first half of the century, created the scientific theory that describes the behavior of atoms, radiation, and their interactions. The second one occurred in the second half and is still evolving... intellectual aspects... arose from the renewal of research on the foundations of quantum physics."