"… Remember that quark masses arise in the Standard Model because the Higgs field has a non-zero vacuum value. Roberto and I saw that one could add an additional symmetry to the theory in such a way that it is automatic that the vacuum energy is minimized for θeffective = 0. Technically this new global U(1) symmetry is not quite an exact symmetry. Like the strong CP symmetry itself, it is a pseudo-symmetry, broken only by non-perturbative or instanton (tunneling) effects. … The additional pseudo-symmetry has a consequence, as was pointed out by Weinberg … and Wilczek … namely that there is an additional pseudo-Goldstone boson, now known as the axion, associated with it. The fact that Roberto and I did not notice this obvious phenomenological consequence of our model shows that we were focused on the general solution to the strong CP problem. I, at least, was so happy to find a general solution to that that I did not stop to examine other phe- nomenological implications of the model we built to demonstrate the idea before we published it. But the axion implication is common to all such models, for it arises from the symmetry itself."