"The sum-over-paths formulation is particularly convenient for integrating out one set of coordinates to concentrate on the remaining set. Thus the photon propagator in quantum electrodynamics is obtained ... by "integrating out" the photon variables, leaving electrons and positrons, both real and virtual, to interact by means of the covariant function \delta (x^2) + (\pi i x^2)^-1."
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Murray Gell-Mann: (quote from p. 52)
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Path_integral_formulation
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Path integral formulation
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