James Clerk Maxwell

"Maxwell... during the 1860s... showed that when the velocities reached the bell-shaped distribution, no further net change was likely. (...Ludwig Boltzmann further elaborated... and strengthened Maxwell's results). Any specific molecule would speed up or slow down, but... other molecules would change in speed to compensate. When a gas reached that state... the gas was at equilibrium. ...[T]his notion of equilibrium is precisely analogous to the Nash equilibrium in game theory. ...[J]ust as the Nash equilibrium is typically a mixed set of strategies, a gas seeks an equilibrium state with a mixed distribution of molecular velocities."

"Welche Schwierigkeiten wir auch haben, um eine konsistente Vorstellung der Beschaffenheit des Äthers zu entwickeln: Es kann keinen Zweifel geben, dass der interplanetarische und interstellare Raum nicht leer ist, sondern dass beide von einer materiellen Substanz erfüllt sind, die gewiss die umfangreichste und vermutlich einheitlichste Materie ist, von der wir wissen."