"Allington is generally thought to have been first to use liquid nitrogen, in 195017. He recognized that the properties of liquid nitrogen were very similar to those of liquid air and oxygen. After the Second World War, liquid nitrogen became freely available and was preferable to liquid oxygen with its explosive potential. He used a cotton swab for treating various benign lesions but poor heat transfer between swab and skin meant this method was insufficient for tumour treatment. The contribution of Dr Irving S Cooper to cryosurgery was immense. An American neurosurgeon based in New York, in 1913 he designed a liquid nitrogen probe that was capable of achieving temperatures of -196°C. With it he treated Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders by freezing the thalamus, in addition to previously inoperable brain tumours."
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S M Cooper, and R P R Dawber, “The history of cryosurgery”, J R Soc Med, 2001 Apr; 94(4): 196–201.
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