diseases-and-disorders

"A is a deep, necrotizing form of with involvement of the subcutaneous tissue. Several furuncles may coalesce to form a carbuncle. ' (S. aureus) is the causative agent. Predisposing factors are obesity, , prolonged sitting, tight irritating pants, or i. Recurrent furunculosis is the sequential occurrence of many furuncles. Nasal colonization with community-associated (CA-MRSA) interspersing the is a very strong risk factor for recurrent furunculosis. Antibiotics systemically are given in furuncles or carbuncles associated with surrounding or those >5 cm diameter and/or associated with fever or located on the forehead, nose, cheeks, or upper lid in recurrent furunculosis and immunocompromised patients."

"When the cook came in he was in a bad mood. He had a developing carbuncle on the back of his neck and the skin from the inside of an eggshell stretched over it to draw it to a head. He didn't want anybody in his kitchen, feeling the way the way he did."

"The starting-point of this lecturing trip around the world was Paris, where we had been living for a year or two. We sailed for America, and there were made certain preparations. This took but little time. Two members of my family elected to go with me, also a carbuncle. The dictionary says a carbuncle is a kind of jewel. Humour is out of place in a dictionary."

"Carbuncle is a confluent folliculitis that is affecting multiple s leading to multiple sinuses discharging pus. Optimisation of such as diabetes, , and s and are mainstay of initial treatment. Surgical intervention in the form of and desloughing followed by is the next line of management."

"He continued at work until March, 1853, when he had an accident—a fall while descending some steps. A few weeks later a carbuncle appeared on the neck, and proved fatal April 25. ... You do well, citizens of St. Louis and member of our profession, to cherish the memory of ."

"}}, at the meeting of the held on January 17th last, made an interesting communication on the treatment of carbuncle by carbolised spray. ... He stated that in 1883, in a severe case of carbuncle, he directed that carbonized spray be frequently applied in order to thoroughly disinfect the parts previously to an operation being performed. To his surprise, he found that under the use of the carbolised spray such improvement had declared itself that surgical interference became unnecessary. Henceforth he exclusively resorted to the carbolised spray on all cases of carbuncle. Whether they were large or small, painful or indolent, complicated or not with diabetes, previously opened by surgery, by sloughing, or with the skin as yet unbroken, in every case the same local treatment was applied, and always with a successful result."

"Clinical characteristics: Celiac disease is a common systemic that can develop in genetically susceptible individuals as a response to dietary . Celiac disease can be associated with gastrointestinal findings (e.g., , , abdominal pain and distention, , , and ) and/or highly variable non-gastrointestinal findings (, , /, other , s, , , , , /, and/or , , , , , autoimmune disorders, and increased risk of cancer). Classical celiac disease, characterized by prominent gastrointestinal symptoms, is less common than non-classical celiac disease, characterized by mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms. Some individuals with celiac disease have no symptoms despite the presence of immune reactivity to gluten; these individuals are referred to as having silent celiac disease."

"Coeliac disease is an that primarily affects the , and is caused by the ingestion of in genetically susceptible individuals. in the general population ranges from 0·5% to 2%, with an average of about 1%. The development of the coeliac depends on a complex immune response to gluten proteins, including both and . Clinical presentation of coeliac disease is highly variable and includes classical and non-classical gastrointestinal symptoms, extraintestinal manifestations, and subclinical cases. The disease is associated with a risk of complications, such as and . Diagnosis of coeliac disease requires a positive (IgA anti- 2 and anti- ) and on small-intestinal biopsy. Treatment involves a ; however, owing to the high psychosocial burden of such a diet, research into alternative pharmacological treatments is currently very active."

"... For reasons that remain largely unexplained, the of celiac disease has increased more than fourfold in the past sixty years. Researchers initially attributed the growing number of cases to greater public awareness and better diagnoses. But neither can fully account for the leap since 1950. Murray and his colleagues at the discovered the increase almost by accident. Murray wanted to examine the long-term effects of undiagnosed celiac disease. To do that, he analyzed s that had been taken from nine thousand recruits between 1948 and 1954. The researchers looked for antibodies to an called ; they are a reliable marker for celiac disease. Murray assumed that one per cent of the soldiers would test positive, matching the current celiac rate. Instead, the team found the in the blood of just two-tenths of one per cent of the soldiers. Then they compared the results with samples taken recently from demographically similar groups of twenty- and seventy-year-old men. In both groups, the s were present in about one per cent of the samples. “That suggested that whatever has happened with celiac disease has happened since 1950,’’ Murray said. “The increase affected young and old people equally.” These results imply that the cause is environmental."

"Coeliac disease is an characterized by and upon exposure to . It has a global of approximately 1%. Although the can be an effective treatment, this diet is burdensome with practical difficulties and frequent inadvertent gluten exposure. Moreover, there are a variety of potential s and of coeliac disease that might be related to malabsorption and/or chronic immune activation. Overall, individuals with coeliac disease have increased mortality compared with the general population, underscoring the severity of this common disease. and s that have been associated with coeliac disease include poor growth, reproductive complications, kidney and liver diseases, respiratory disease (such as ) and infections (including ). Furthermore, coeliac disease has been linked to other autoimmune disease and psychiatric disease, as well as certain cancers. Data suggest that mucosal healing on a gluten-free diet might protect against some, but not all, of these complications."

"Celiac disease has been recognized for centuries (Dowd and 1974) by physicians aware of its major symptoms of and gastrointestinal distress accompanied by a wasting away in adults and a failure to grow in children. The Greek physician (first century A.D.) called the condition coeliac diathesis – coeliac deriving from the Greek word koeliakos, or abdominal cavity. The British physician provided what is generally considered the first modern, detailed description of the condition, which he termed the coeliac affection in deference to Aretaeus, in a lecture presented at in London (Gee 1888). At present, celiac disease (or, especially in Britain, coeliac disease) is the most commonly used term for the condition, although various others may be encountered, including celiac syndrome, celiac sprue, nontropical sprue, and glutensensitive enteropathy."

"Now was once considered very rare, but in the last probably 10 to 15 years it has become quite common. It's now being diagnosed 20 times as often as it was 30 years ago. Why is this happened? We really don't know. Some people think it might be due to a change in what we're eating or the types of foods we're eating. But really we have no idea why this increase has occurred. This increase parallels other s like and disorders."

"David Kastenberg, MD and Stephanie Winheld, LCGC, (pdf from webinar sponsored by Philadelphia's systems)"

"Persons of a gross relaxed habit of body, the flabby, and red-haired, ought always to use a drying diet. Such as are fat, and desire to be lean, should use exercise fasting; should drink small liquors a little warm; should eat only once a day, and no more than will just satisfy their hunger."

"When you wish to laugh, you shall find me fat and sleek, with well-tended hide, a hog of Epicurus' herd."

"I'm fat, but I'm thin inside. Has it ever struck you that there is a thin man inside every fat man, just as they say there's a statue inside every block of stone?"

"Guns will make us powerful; butter will only make us fat."

"Laugh and grow fat."

"You think, because you're old and obese, To find in the furry civic robe ease?"

"All my life, I've been an obese man trapped inside a fat man's body."

"There is a devil haunts thee in the likeness of an old fat man; a tun of man is thy companion."

"Dromio of Syracuse: ... I have but lean luck in the match, and yet is she a wondrous fat marriage. Antipholus of Syracuse: How dost thou mean a “fat marriage”? Dromio of Syracuse: Marry, sir, she’s the kitchen wench, and all grease, and I know not what use to put her to but to make a lamp of her and run from her by her own light. I warrant her rags and the tallow in them will burn a Poland winter. If she lives till doomsday, she’ll burn a week longer than the whole world. Antipholus of Syracuse: What complexion is she of? Dromio of Syracuse: Swart like my shoe, but her face nothing like so clean kept. For why? she sweats, a man may go overshoes in the grime of it. Antipholus of Syracuse: That’s a fault that water will mend. Dromio of Syracuse: No, sir, ’tis in grain; Noah’s flood could not do it. Antipholus of Syracuse: What’s her name? Dromio of Syracuse: Nell, sir; but her name and three quarters, that’s an ell and three quarters, will not measure her from hip to hip. Antipholus of Syracuse: Then she bears some breadth? Dromio of Syracuse: No longer from head to foot than from hip to hip. She is spherical, like a globe. I could find out countries in her."

"It is very injurious to health to take in more food than the constitution will bear, when, at the same time one uses no exercise to carry off this excess."

"Who's your fat friend?"

"Con: You're endangering your health. Pro: I'm drought and famine resistant."

"Enclosing every thin man, there's a fat man demanding elbow-room."

"Fat is an oily dropsy."

"Cruel children, crying babies All grow up as geese and gabies, Hated, as their age increases By their nephews and their nieces."

"A rosebud need not have a mind."

"Fortuna favet fatuis."

"The great thing about people with intellectual disabilities is that they’re not people who discuss philosophy... What they want is fun and laughter, to do things together and fool around, and laughter is at the heart of community."

"There’s a tax that you incur when you use the “N” word or the “F” word, and there are groups, whether it’s the NAACP or gay groups, who will make you pay it. But if you use the “R” word, you’ve picked the most vulnerable target, because people within the intellectual disabilities population are not going to return serve. They aren’t genetically designed to confront you the way other groups do."

"It is better for all the world if, instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. ... Three generations of imbeciles are enough."

"Where ignorance is bliss, ’tis folly to be wise."

"A fool and his money are soon parted."

"You may lead an ass to knowledge, but you cannot make him think."

"Les fous font les festins et les sages les mangent."

"Pete: Whatsamatter? McGraw: [sighs] Awww, it's just been a shitass day. Every inch of it hot and miserable. First off, Nadine at the Blue Chip got some sorta sick, so that Mongoloid boy of hers was workin' the grill. That fuckin' idiot don't know rat shit from Rice Krispies. I ate breakfast at nine, was pukin' up pigs in a blanket like a sick dog by ten thirty. Pete: Isn't there a law or something against retards serving food to the public? McGraw: Well, if there ain't there sure oughta be. Who knows what goes on inside Mongoloid's mind? Pete: You could sue the shit out of her, ya know. That kid belongs under a circus tent, not flippin' burgers. You could own that fuckin' place. McGraw: What the hell would I do with that grease pit? Besides, Nadine's got enough of a cross to bear just taking care of that potato head."

"I really hate any functioning labels whatsoever, because they do not represent individuals. High functioning just means without an intellectual disability. There is nothing more to it. If you want to talk about yourself or your child and your strengths and weaknesses, you focus on your strengths and weaknesses because that is going to tell the person more about you than the words ‘high’ or ‘low’ functioning. So I encourage every school and everybody I meet to not use that, because it does not give you any information. Does ‘high’ or ‘low’ tell you how to help the child or the adult? No, it does not."

"Nomina stultorum parietibus hærent."

"Stultorum plena sunt omnia."

"But the question of the plague—in its not only pathological but also moral, ontological, and metaphysical meaning—had already been raised by Lucretius and, before him, by Anaximander. The plague is destiny, but also, when measured by ethical standards, the fault of a man who, being part of nature, shares its evil or, at least, senseless character."

"The plague is a metaphor for evil. Of evil that comes from outside, or from above, like the arrows shot by Apollo at the Greeks leaving for Troy. But also, and above all, of evil that arises and grows within us. Within the world and from the world. Rooted in that nature that both envelops us and constitutes us as finite, fragile beings, exposed to the icy wind of death."

"In the XXII. yere were grete reynes, whech dured fro the Nativite of Seynt Jon Baptist onto Cristmasse.And aftir that reyne there folowid a grete pestilens, specialy in the Est side of the world amongst the Sarasines. So many deied, that there left scarsly among hem the tenth man, or the tenth woman. Thei, seyng this veniauns amongst hem, purposed veryly to be Cristen. But whan thei wist that the pestilens was among the Cristen men, than her good purpos sesed.In the XXIII. yere was the Grete Pestilens of puple. First it began in the north cuntre; than in the south; and so forth thorw oute the reme. Aftir this pestilens folowed a moreyn of bestis, whech had nevir be seyn. For, as it was supposed, there left not in Inglond the ten part of the puple. Than cesed lordes rentis, prestis tithes. Because there were so fewe tylmen, the erde lay untillid. So mech misery was in the lond, that the prosperite whech was before was nevir recured."

"He is recovering comfortably from surgery to repair a broken hip at Phoebe Sumter Medical Center in Americus, Georgia. His surgeon stated that the surgery was successful. His wife, Rosalynn, is with him."

"Unhealthy lifestyles and mental health problems are increasingly prevalent globally. Not only are ‘junk food’-induced overweight and obesity risk factors for the development of brain disorders but they are also associated intergenerationally with ill health."

"We have shown previously that a maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation plays a role in predisposing offspring to obesity. Here we show that rat offspring born to mothers fed the same junk food diet rich in fat, sugar and salt develop exacerbated adiposity accompanied by raised circulating glucose, insulin, triglyceride and/or cholesterol by the end of adolescence (10 weeks postpartum) compared with offspring also given free access to junk food from weaning but whose mothers were exclusively fed a balanced chow diet in pregnancy and lactation. Results also showed that offspring from mothers fed the junk food diet in pregnancy and lactation, and which were then switched to a balanced chow diet from weaning, exhibited increased perirenal fat pad mass relative to body weight and adipocyte hypertrophy compared with offspring which were never exposed to the junk food diet."

"We evaluated a densely interconnected social network of 12,067 people assessed repeatedly from 1971 to 2003 as part of the Framingham Heart Study. The body-mass index was available for all subjects. We used longitudinal statistical models to examine whether weight gain in one person was associated with weight gain in his or her friends, siblings, spouse, and neighbors. ... Network phenomena appear to be relevant to the biologic and behavioral trait of obesity, and obesity appears to spread through social ties."

"That childhood obesity could inflict considerable pain of the emotional kind on its sufferers was, in fact, a new belief in the twentieth century. It was sufficiently radical an idea that doctors felt the need to tell patients that the jolly fat child was a figment of popular imagination. "I was an obese child myself, and I know that there is genuine mental suffering in being an obese child," said , a famous diet doctor and newspaper columnist. "The fat child is not a happy child." In 1921, this was revelatory and had big implications for how Americans saw themselves and the issue of obesity in childhood."

"In 2015, obesity affected 107.7 million (98.7-118.4) children and 603.7 million (588.2- 619.8) adults worldwide. Obesity prevalence has doubled since 1980 in more than 70 countries and continuously increased in most other countries. Although the prevalence of obesity among children has been lower than adults, the rate of increase in childhood obesity in many countries was greater than the rate of increase in adult obesity. High BMI accounted for 4.0 million (2.7- 5.3) deaths globally, nearly 40% of which occurred among non-obese. More than two-thirds of deaths related to high BMI were due to cardiovascular disease. The disease burden of high BMI has increased since 1990; however, the rate of this increase has been attenuated due to decreases in underlying cardiovascular disease death rates."