"The Steppe hypothesis posits that Indo-European spread out of the Pontic- Caspian Steppe, no earlier than 6500 years …"

"Human ancient DNA (aDNA) is now also re- shaping the debate. Results support a sub- stantial influx of genetic ancest…"

"Indo-European origins have remained unresolved because all methods have left scope for interpretation and dispute and…"

"Our results re- veal that these expansions from ~5000 yr B.P. onward also came too late for the language chronology o…"

"Core Yamna was essentially an incoming population: 80% of its ancestry originated further south, and most of that ult…"

"Less clear is whether all Indo-European languages derive from this group, or whether just a subset do, says Paul Hegg…"

"Between 5000 and 4000 years ago, the Yamnaya and their descendants colonised swathes of Europe, leaving a genetic leg…"

"From early moon until the evening, from the evening until the day-light, tempered arrows fly, the sabres thunder abou…"

"There have been the ages of Troyán; the years of Yarosláv have declined. There have been the armies of Olég, Olég Svy…"

"Div arose crying calls on the tree-top."