"The religion of Mecca in Muḥammad’s time was far from simple idolatry. It resembled much more a form of the Christian…"

"The new creed [Islam] had the greatest interest in obliterating all recollection of the pagan period, not only in sto…"

"The Sabaeans practised “an ancient natural religion” in which “the sun, the moon and the planets” figured prominently…"

"They say that the beginning of stone worship among the sons of Ishmael was when Mecca became too small for them and t…"

"“Every household had an idol in their house which they used to worship. When a man was about to set out on a journey …"

"What we can say is that early medieval Arabia was a rich melting-pot for cults and deities. In some cities and region…"

"“From the description of the idols worshipped by the pre-Islamic Arabs, enumerated by Ibn al-Kalbî, the word Sanam ap…"

"The Quraysh as well as the rest of the Arabs continued to venerate Manah until the Apostle of God set out from Medina…"

"The Arabs during the pre-Islamic period used to practice certain things that were included in the Islamic Sharia. The…"

"O Dhū Kaffayn we are not your worshipers. Our birth is more ancient than yours. Indeed I stuffed your heart with fire."