"During the year 1796 he Smithson Tennant] made his experiments to prove that the diamond is pure carbon. His method was to heat it in a gold tube with saltpetre. The diamond was converted into carbonic acid gas, which combined with the potash from the saltpetre, and by the evolution of which the quantity of carbon, in a given weight of diamond, might be estimated."
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Vol II, p. 236.
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Potassium_nitrate
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Potassium nitrate
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