"Let’s turn to a favorite area for the enthusiasts of the culture hypothesis: the Middle East. Middle Eastern countrie…"

"Sovereignty and kingship are never decided by academic debate. They are seized by force. The Ottoman dynasty appropri…"

"While the death toll in the trenches of Western Europe were close to 2 million by the summer of 1915, the exterminati…"

"The Ottoman Empire was an ugly affair, but they had the right idea. The rulers in Turkey were fortunately so corrupt …"

"The Ottoman Empire was, of course, much more than a military machine. A conquering elite (like the Manchus in China),…"

"Yet the Ottoman Turks, too, were to falter, to turn inward, and to lose the chance of world domination, although this…"

"With this array of adversaries, the Ottoman Empire would have needed remarkable leadership to have maintained its gro…"

"So there is no single European people. There is no single all-embracing community of culture and tradition among, say…"

"The Ottoman padishahs (emperors), also known as sultans, were initially a dynasty of and golden extraordinarily dynam…"

"The Turkish empire was divided in spite of Britain’s promise. The Sultan was made a prisoner in Constantinople. Syria…"