"Alkyl halides are encountered less frequently than their oxygen-containing relatives and are not often involved in the biochemical pathways of terrestrial organisms, but some of the kindsof reactions they undergo— nucleophilic substitutions and eliminations—are encountered frequently. Thus, alkyl halide chemistry acts as a relatively simple model for many mechanistically similar but structurally more complex reactions found in biomolecules."
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John McMurry, Organic Chemistry (2011), Ch. 10. Organohalides
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nucleophilic_substitution
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Nucleophilic substitution
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