"Newton’s glory was to fulfil, in his Principia of 1687, Galileo's hope of geometrizing gravitation. The ingredients of his solution were Descartes' first law of motion (the principle of inertia), Galileo's rules of and composition of velocities, and Kepler's rules of planetary orbiting. Newton showed that Kepler's rules following form Galileo's, the principle of inertia, and the assumption that a planet falls towards the Sun along the line joining their centres. Since Kepler's rules allowed the substitution of an area for a time, Newton could reduce the problem of the magnitude of gravitational acceleration to a problem in geometry."
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John L. Heilbron, (175 pages; first published in 2015 under the title Physics: A Short History from Quintessence to Quarks)
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion
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Newton's laws of motion
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