"Colour was not only an issue for the Christian Europeans, but was also of importance in the Islamic world which, in t…"

"It has long been considered a mark of ethnocentric ignorance to equate servitude in Islamic societies with the brutal…"

"A document from the twelfth century tells of the tricks used by sellers of slaves in the Muslim slave markets: mercha…"

"In time, the multiracial character of slavery in the Arab world virtually ceased to exist and became almost exclusive…"

"Throughout the Hadith blacks are also referred to as abeds, which means “black” in Arabic, and is also synonymous wit…"

""Their [Zanj] nature is that of wild animals. They are extremely black." "Among themselves [the Sudan] there are peop…"

"[inhabitants of sub-Saharan African countries] are people distant from the standards of humanity" "Their nature is th…"

"As regards southern countries, all their inhabitants are black on account of the heat of their climate... Most of the…"

"It is your folly to fight the Apostle, for Allah’s army is bound to disgrace you. We brought them to the pit. Hell wa…"

"Galen says that merriment dominates the black man because of his defective brain, whence also the weakness of his int…"