"In the course of the centuries, Islam spread throughout the Javanese population, until its adoption by the last large district, the “east hook,” was accomplished in the late eighteenth century. This process seems on the whole to have been peaceful, or as peaceful as it could have been in a period of Javanese history characterized by almost incessant warfare. Conversion by arms may have occurred when a Muslim dignitary defeated a non Muslim, whereupon the vanquished and his people would presumably have embraced Islam."
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Ricklefs MC (1979) Six Centuries of Islamization in Java, in N. Levtzion ed. Nehemia Levtzion - Conversion To Islam (1979, Holmes & Meier Publishers) 106-7
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/M._C._Ricklefs
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M. C. Ricklefs
Merle Calvin Ricklefs (17 July 1943 – 29 December 2019) was an American-born Australian scholar of the history and current affairs of Indonesia
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