"On his return from England to France in the year 1673... at the instigation of Huygens he began to work at Cartesian analysis (which afore-time had been beyond him), and in order to obtain an insight into the geometry of quadratures he consulted the Synopsis Geometriae of Honoratus Fabri, Gregory St. Vincent, and a little book by Dettonville (i.e., Pascal [letters to M. de Carcavi]). Later on from one example given by Dettonville, a light suddenly burst upon him, which strange to say Pascal himself had not perceived in it. For when he proves the theorem of Archimedes for measuring the surface of a sphere or parts of it, he used a method in which the whole surface of the solid formed by a rotation round any axis can be reduced to an equivalent plane figure. From it our young friend made out for himself the following general theorem. Portions of a straight line normal to a curve, intercepted between the curve and an axis, when taken in order and applied at right angles to the axis give rise to a figure equivalent to the moment of the curve about the axis. When he showed this to Huygens the latter praised him highly and confessed to him that by the help of this very theorem he had found the surface of parabolic s and others of the same sort, stated without proof many years before in his work on the pendulum clock. Our young friend, stimulated by this and pondering on the fertility of this point of view, since previously he had considered infinitely small things such as the intervals between the ordinates in the method of Cavalieri and such only, studied the triangle... which he called the Characteristic Triangle..."
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Child's footnote: This theorem is given, and proved by the method of indivisibles, as Theorem I of Lecture XII in Barrow's Lectiones Geometricae; and Theorem II is simply a corollary, in which it is remarked: Hence the surfaces of the sphere, both the s, and the s receive measurement..."
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