"In case of multiples from the units place, the value of each place (sthana) is ten times the value of the preceding p…"

"The sum of two positive quantities is positive; of two negative is negative; of a positive and a negative is their di…"

"In subtraction, the less is to be taken from the greater, positive from positive; negative from negative. When the gr…"

"The product of a negative quantity and a positive is negative; of two negatives, is positive; of two positives, is po…"

"Positive, divided by positive, or negative by negative, is positive. Zero, divided by zero, is zero. Positive, divide…"

"The square of negative or positive is positive; of zero, is zero. The root of a square is such as was that from which…"

"The grandest achievement of the Hindus and the one which, of all mathematical inventions, has contributed most to the…"

"‘…the transition [to the Hindu number system], far from being immediate, extended over long centuries. The struggle b…"

"It is India that gave us the ingenious method of expressing all numbers by ten symbols, each receiving a value of pos…"

"As my father was a public official away from our homeland in the Bugia customs house established for the Pisan mercha…"