"Indo-European is a branch of Indo-Uralic which was radically transformed under the influence of a North Caucasian substratum when its speakers moved from the area north of the Caspian Sea to the area north of the Black Sea (…). As a result, Indo-European developed a minimal vowel system combined with a large consonant inventory including glottalized stops, also grammatical gender and adjectival agreement, an ergative construction which was lost again but has left its traces in the grammatical system (...)."
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Kortlandt, Frederik, 2011: An Outline of Proto-Indo-European
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Frederik_Kortlandt
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Frederik Kortlandt
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