"To Euler is due the very remarkable formula e^{ix} = \cos{x} + i\sin{x}, which, for x = \pi becomes e^{i\pi} + 1 = 0, a relation connecting five of the most important numbers in mathematics. By purely formal processes, Euler arrived at an enormous number of curious relations, like i^i = e^{-\frac{\pi}{2}}."
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Howard Eves, An Introduction to the History of Mathematics (1964)
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)
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E (mathematical constant)
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