"Logistic is the theory which deals with numerable objects and not with numbers; it does not, indeed, consider number in the proper sense of the term, but assumes 1 to be unity, and anything which can be numbered to be number (thus in place of the triad, it employs 3; in place of the decad, 10), and discusses with these the theorems of arithmetic. ... It treats, then, on the one hand, that which Archimedes called 'The Cattle Problem,' and on the other hand 'melite' and 'phialite' numbers, the one discussing vials (measures, containters) and the other flocks; and when dealing with other kinds of problems it has regard to the number of sensible bodies and makes its pronouncements as though it were for absolute objects. ... It has for material all numerable objects, and as subdivisions the so-called Greek and Egyptian methods for multiplication and division, as well as the summation and decomposition of fractions, whereby it investigates the secrets lurking in the subject-matter of the problems by means of the procedure that employs triangles and polygons. ... It has for its aim that which is useful in the relations of life in business, although it seems to pronounce upon sensible objects as if they were absolute."
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Based on a scholium by (fl. 1st century BC), or possibly through Anatolius, on Plato's Charmides as quoted by , Nicomachus of Gerasa: Introduction to Arithmetic (1926) Tr. , Part 1, Ch. 1. pp. 3-4. Also see Proclus, In Primum Euclidis Elementorum Librum Commentarii or A Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's "Elements" (ca. 460 AD), pp. 38, 1-42 (ed. Friedlein).
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Ancient Greek mathematics
Ancient was developed from the 7th century BC to the 4th century AD by Greek speaking peoples along the shores of the Eastern Mediterranean. The period following Alexander the Great is sometimes referred to as Hellenistic mathematics. The word "mathematics" itself derives from the ancient Greek μάθημα (mathema), meaning "subject of instruction". The use of generalized mathematical theories and proofs is the key difference between Greek mathematics and those of preceding civilizations.
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