"Before closing the study of Alauddin’s reign, it would be proper to review his career as a man, and his achieve- ments as an emperor. Ascending the throne at the age of thirty he had reached the apogee of power at forty-five through’ unrivalled skill, studied tact, and phenominal energy. From nothingness he rose to be one of the greatest rulers of medieval times. With the help of a strong and disciplined army he pulled down native princes and stamped out sedition from the land. By a systematic tariff policy he controlled the fluctuat- ing market, and with an efficient administrative machinery effectively governed the country for two decades. Contemporary historians speak little about the king’s personal features, but they throw sufficient light on his character and qualities. The sultan was almost without any literary education, though like Akbar and Ranjit Singh after him, he confirmed by example the Tennysonian dictum “that only those who cannot read can rule.”! But though unlettered, Alauddin possessed sufficient commonsense, experience and wisdom which multiplied with age..."
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K.S. Lal, History of the Khaljis (1950) p 305 ff
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alauddin_Khalji
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Alauddin Khalji
1296 – 1316
Alauddin Khalji (r. 1296 – 1316), born Ali Gurshasp, was an emperor of the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate in the Indian subcontinent. Alauddin instituted a number of significant administrative changes, related to revenues, price controls, and society. He is noted for repulsing the Mongol invasions of India.
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