Women Scientists From The United States

"But then we’d be back with our colleagues on the job. People are people. My father’s advice helped. He said, “You’re no better than anybody else, but nobody is better than you.”"

"English Quotation"

"In the cafeteria, we just ignored the sign [for segregated seating]. But at some point, we started eating at our desks. When we left work, our lives were definitely separate — separate communities, separate schools for our children, separate grocery stores and churches."

"We put in some long hours at times, and I had three children at home. But they were very responsible, and I had family and friends who helped look after them."

"Iwant to live in a world where instead of there being one company in one place in the world with one dominant model."

"We have many people who are each working to support their communities in some way and sharing profits back."

"Generative AI is not just about creating something new, but about capturing what was once impossible to express.”"

"I want to live in a world where we’re not trying to disenfranchise humans or devalue labor."

"We focus on where AI tools are being experimented with before they get to the rest of the society and uncover what happens to the people."

"My hope is that our work counteracts the drive to centralize power and disenfranchise human beings."

"AI tools that actually help people and not try to replace them."

"What I’ve realized is that we can talk about the ethics and fairness of AI all we want, but if our institutions don’t allow for this kind of work to take place, then it won’t.”"

"I’ve met so many people like you who think that they can just come here from other countries and take the hardest classes."

"I was being attacked by a bunch of guys, and nobody helped me at all."

"That was the scariest thing."

"“Even at places like Stanford, we have too much concentrated power that is impacting the world, and yet the world has no opportunity to affect how technology is being developed.""

"We aim to expose the harms of the current AI system, serving as an early warning system to stop their spread."

"I hope that moms can see themselves in me and take that as permission to hold onto their own identity, dreams and passions — even after having children."

"The secret to so much success in life is to be okay with failure and have a good, healthy, positive relationship with failure."

"I want you to ask questions, make hypotheses, and test your ideas in the real world. Keep exploring anything and everything around you."

"I always believe in showing the benefits of change."

"...The truth of the matter is the “traditional socialization” for men is never, never to be like a woman. In other words, the only emotions men get are contempt and anger. But to be real men, they can’t have the soft emotions. You know, vulnerability and the behaviors of caring."

"...The male entitlement mentality, which we know today is behind some of the mass shootings."

"We’re told we are bad. That’s inherent in us, so we have to be rigidly controlled by those on top."

"85% of our brain architecture is formed in the first five years."

"My research came out of my very early traumas. Out of questions like, does it really have to be this way? Does there have to be so much cruelty and violence, and insensitivity? Is it really, as we’re so often told, just human nature? Whether it’s original sin, or selfish genes, while they fight each other, it’s the same story, isn’t it?"

"Einstein said it, you can’t solve problems with the same thinking that created them."

"I spoke at the United Nations General Assembly at a session organized by the State of Bolivia on harmony with nature, and I made the point that you can’t just tack on harmony with nature to a fundamentally imbalanced system."

"I think that being an outsider has been very important for me because it made it possible for me to take a different look at the world we live in and at my place in it."

"Why do these people always have returning to a “traditional” male dominated, punitive family as a top priority?.. In these families children learn another basic lesson to fit into domination systems, which is why childrearing is so punitive. They learn that it is very, very painful to not obey orders, no matter how unjust, no matter how capricious. And they learn denial, because they’re dependent on the people who take care of them and who also cause them pain. So, they deflect their rage onto an out-group that some authority figure, whether it’s a Hitler, or a Trump, tells them is to blame. They have rigid thinking. Rigid sexual stereotypes, gender stereotypes."

"The ' lies above the , extending to about 48 or 1 , and is capped by the '. It is a vertically stable, stratified region—hence its name—in which increases with altitude. The ' ("middle sphere") stretches from the stratopause to about 80 km, with temperatures again decreasing with height. The region of transition to interplanetary space, about 80 km, is the '. ... The only region where the incoming is strongly absorbed is in the stratosphere, where absorbs wavelengths. The stratopause marks the level of maximum absorption of solar radiation by ozone, but it is not the location of the greatest ozone concentration. Ozone concentrations generally peak near about 25 km elevation, but much of the ultraviolet radiation has been removed from the incoming solar beam at that level by the ozone above."

"The West African monsoon season begins in late April or early May with the onset of spring rains along the n coast near 4°N. The precipitation maximum remains over the coast until late June or early July. At that time, the rainfall maximum shifts into the southern , near 12°N, often over the course of a few days. This shift in the latitude of the rainfall maximum is known as the West African monsoon jump."

"The (AEJ, also known as the West African jet) is a prominent feature of the complicated structure that forms over in summer. ... The jet may be instrumental in creating an environment in which African wave disturbances develop through and instability (e.g., Rennick 1976; Thorncroft and Hoskins 1994a,b) and may play a role in determining the region’s precipitation distribution through these wave disturbances (e.g., Payne and McGarry 1977; Rowell and Milford 1993) or through its role in determining the large-scale column moisture convergence (Rowell et al. 1992). In addition, the African wave disturbances have long been identified as sources of activity in the Atlantic (e.g., Frank 1970). A better understanding of why the jet forms, and its sensitivity to surface conditions, will be useful for understanding the mechanics of the region’s basic climate dynamics as well as its intra- and interannual variability; such an understanding is necessary to advance our prediction capabilities."

"In the absence of regulation and/or some prohibitive cost attached to the release of es into the , will freedom in the climate commons bring ruin to all? Or will a more complex scenario develop, in which unequal use of the climate commons brings benefit to some and ruin to others?"

"The internet has created incentives for warring factions to frame their struggle in global terms in order to attract the widest audience of supporters. This creates greater opportunities for outside states to become involved in the war to try to influence the outcome."

"People are desperate for high quality analysis, especially of complex current events."

"Scholars know where civil wars break out and who tends to start them: downgraded groups in anocracies dominated by ethnic factions. But what triggers them? What finally tips a country into conflict? Citizens can absorb a lot of pain. They will accept years of discrimination and poverty and remain quiet, enduring the ache of slow decline. What they can’t take is the loss of hope. It’s when a group looks into the future and sees nothing but additional pain that they start to see violence as their only path to progress."

"They [female primates] tolerate other breeding females if food is plentiful, but chase them away when monogamy is the optimal strategy."

"...I still remember those girls and who didn't love math, uh, the way I did. And I mean, oh my gosh, think what they were missing. I know I always felt, you know, solving math problems was a little bit like eating candy. There was something about it. It was so rewarding. It was just such a pleasure to do it. And I thought, oh, once they see this, they're going to enjoy it too."

"...And it was so ridiculous. And this was this thing about this teaching of a class and I've been told that I couldn't teach undergraduates because MIT students didn't believe scientific information spoken by a woman. And so I'd said, well, of course, everyone knows that. I had accepted it as normal because as soon as somebody said it, I realized, of course, it's true. I was able to see that women were so under-respected that students couldn't respect them enough. And so they were afraid to put an important course into the hands of a woman for fear the students would not be able to respect them."

"The Fish Commission explorations began 1891, in connection with the between California and the , when ten hauls of the trawl and tangles were made, mostly between 300 and 375 s. The results were meager compared with those realized by the three months' systematic exploration by a land party in 1901 under the leadership of Dr. and Dr. and the in 1902. ... This vessel occupied 397 stations in the vicinity of the islands, while field parties, led by Dr. , explored the shores and reefs as well as the fresh-water streams. Mr. , of , has given added value to the specimens by notes on their habits, color, etc. Mr. , for many years a resident of , has from time to time sent to the National Museum, and has added several species to this list. Other contributors are the late , a wealthy planter of the island of who was much interested in natural history, and Mr. R. C. McGregor, of the ."

"... Through the activities of its various vessels and laboratories the has been able to transfer to the vast accumulations from nearly all the coasts of America. The amount of work accomplished by the steamers ' and ' and the schooner ', as well as by other vessels of the commission in earlier years, is indicated in the detailed lists of specimens. Other Government explorations that have yielded considerable results are those constantly carried on by the of the Department of Agriculture and those occasional expeditions under the auspices of the National Museum itself and the . Of the obtained by the and by the very little remains, owing to the inadequate housing of the former collection before the existence of a National Museum building, and to the destruction of the latter collection in the while it was in the custody of Dr. ."

"Her own special field of interest was the , particularly the s, both recent and fossil. Her bibliography on the animals embraces 158 titles. Perhaps her most important and best-known works are her four large monographs on the , , and of America, published as bulletins of the between 1918 and 1937. In 1917 the conferred upon her the degree of doctor of philosophy in recognition of her work on the grapsoid crabs."

"A few words to the young women: When you combine a career with raising a family, the family responsibilities generally rest more heavily on you than on your husband, and you may need to proceed more slowly with your career than you would without a family. This may have its good side in that you can save up some interesting and important things to do after your children have left the nest. However, the responsibilities can often be so heavy as to frustrate a woman's career, and a lack of suitable child-care facilities is a major roadblock. To me it is no mystery why there are not more women in leadership positions in science. It has been mentioned that I am the first woman to receive the Howard Vollum Award, and of course I am very proud to be chosen. But when it is no longer considered unusual for a woman to be so honored or to achieve a position of leadership in public life, then we women will know that we have made it."

"In her new book, “Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas,” Raff beautifully integrates new data from different sciences (archaeology, genetics, linguistics) and different ways of knowing, including Indigenous oral traditions, in a masterly retelling of the story of how, and when, people reached the Americas. While admittedly not an archaeologist herself, Raff skillfully reveals how well-dated archaeological sites, including recently announced 22,000-year-old human footprints from , are . She builds a persuasive case with both archaeological and genetic evidence that the path to the Americas was coastal (the ) rather than inland, and that was not a bridge but a homeland — twice the size of Texas — inhabited for millenniums by the ancestors of the . Throughout, Raff effectively models how science is done, how hypotheses are tested, and how new data are used to refute old ideas and generate new ones."

"Anthropological geneticists should participate in because of the complexity of their work, its implications for human health and societies, and its tendency to be co-opted for particular political or social agendas. They are positioned to offer important contributions to public conversations on issues of race, genetic identity, history, and conflict. There are multiple avenues to public outreach for academics; among them, is a powerful, underused tool."

"... Getting the science wrong has very real consequences. For example, when a community doesn’t vaccinate children because they’re afraid of “toxins” and think that prayer (or diet, exercise, and “”) is enough to prevent infection, outbreaks happen."

"The maintain that their ancestors were a seafaring people who have lived in since the dawn of history. This discovery of this man, whom the Tlingit called , was consistent with that they descend from an ancient, coastally adapted people who engaged in long-distance trade."

"'s work, 'Fowles of Heaven' is primarily a treatise on European birds, but it lists seventeen American species which in various ways had become known to the author, although he never visited America. The subject of the present paper, in contrast to Topsell's account, represents work, done in America, by a painter, one , also called John With, ... who, as artist and draughtsman, accompanied Sir in 1585 on that ill-starred expedition sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh to found an Enlgish colony in America. He was chosen by Queen Elizabeth for the express purpose of studying and painting the aborigines and "natural products" of this far country. John White thus becomes the first man, so far as is known, to observe American birds in their native haunts, and to leave a pictorial record in colours of his observations."

"… all the men for whom collected, except perhaps Sir , were primarily botanists, and Catesby's main task in America was the collecting of botanical specimens. Botany was the great science of the day and zoology in all its branches had to take second place. But the fact remains that Catesby somehow managed to do a great work on birds, covering about one hundred species, first depicted in the field with each one's particular plant or tree associate, and later etched or colored by himself or under his direction in England."