Minerals

"In 1728 James Logan wrote that "there are four furnaces in blast in the colony." Colebrook and Durnham were certainly two... The iron industry of Pennsylvania may fairly be said to have been established on a firm foundation at this period. In 1728-29 the colony exported two hundred and seventy-four tons of pig-iron to the mother country."

"Samuel Nutt died in 1737. In his will he made provision for the erection of a new furnace by his wife... commenced in 1737 and probably finished in 1738. This... was called Warwick. In 1740 its management fell into the hands of , who had married into the Nutt family, and was a friend of Benjamin Franklin. In 1742 Franklin invented his celebrated stove, the model of which he presented to his friend Grace, who afterwards cast many stoves at the furnace. Warwick furnace continued in operation... to 1867, when its last blast came to an end... During the Revolution it was very active casting cannon for the Continental army"

"In 1751 there was a forge for the conversion of pig-iron into bar-iron at the mouth of the East Valley creek, a... tributary of the ... advertised for sale as the property of Daniel Walker, Stephen Evans, and Joseph Williams. It was then called Mount Joy forge... some years afterward... it came to be known as Valley Forge. The pig-iron used at Valley Forge was hauled from Warwick furnace. In September, 1777, the forge was burned by the British, and in December... the army under Washington was intrenched on the... side of Valley Creek, opposite Valley Forge. General Washington's headquarters were established at the substantial stone-house of Isaac Potts... After the Revolution another Valley Forge was built on the... [other] side of Valley creek; it was in ruins in 1816."

"This work of Dr Gilbert's relates chiefly to the , and what we call magnets; that is, pieces of steel which have acquired properties similar to those of the loadstone. But he extends the term magnetism and the epithet magnetic, to all bodies which are affected by loadstones and magnets, in a manner similar to that in which they affect each other. In the course of his investigations, indeed, he finds that these bodies are only such as contain iron in some state or other; and in proving this limitation he mentions a great variety of phenomena which have a considerable resemblance to those which he allows to be magnetical, namely, those which he called electrical, because they were produced in the same way that is made to attract and repel light bodies. He marks, with care, the distinctions between these and the characteristic phenomena of magnets. He seems to have known, that all bodies may be made electrical, while ferruginous substances alone can be made magnetical."

"Amongst the many other ingenious contrivances frequently alluded to in his book, Gilbert mentions the versorium, an iron needle moving freely upon a point, with which he was enabled to measure excited electricity. He is besides the inventor of "two most ingenious and necessarie Instruments for Sea men to find out thereby the latitude of any place upon sea or land, in the darkest night, that is without the helpe of Sunne, Moone or Starre." These instruments are described in Thomas Blunderville's quarto work entitled "The Theoriques of the seven Planets, shewing their diverse motions... printed at London 1602.""

"By the publication in 1600 of the ' of Dr. William Gilbert the science of electricity was founded. ...Trying the properties of s in innumerable experiments lasting over many years, he was led to several notable discoveries, and to one generalization of immense importance. He discovered the augmentation of the power of a by arming or capping it with soft iron cheeks. Gilbert called such a cap an armatura..."

"Gilbert also discovered the screening effect of a sheet of iron; the method of magnetizing iron by hammering it while it lies North and South; the destruction of magnetism by heat; and the existence around the magnet of an "orbe of virtue," [i.e.,] a magnetic field. He perfected the dipping-needle of Norman, and other instruments of observation. He collected data as to the declination and inclination of the compass in different regions. Using loadstones of many different shapes he observed their actions on one another and on compass-needles. In particular he studied the magnetic properties of a globular loadstone or and found that compass-needles were directed toward its poles, and dipped at various angles over its surface, just as compass-needles do at various regions of the earth's surface. ...His book, over which he spent eighteen years, was published in 1600, and for the next hundred years became the standard work on magnetism. Though denounced by the Church, the theory of terrestrial magnetism was by Gilbert thus firmly established on an enduring basis of fact, and remained a permanent acquisition in science. The publication of the book marked an epoch in scientific development. It was praised by Sarpi, by Galileo, by Kepler. Sir Christopher Wren proposed to erect a statue to its author, while Dryden sang of his enduring fame."

"There rise her timeless capitals of empires daily born, whose plinths are laid at midnight and whose streets are packed at morn; and here come tired youths and maids that feign to love or sin in tones like rusty razor blades to tunes like smitten tin."

"He gives the, possibly false, impression, that he has a ‘tin ear’, as his countrymen put it, for many of the popular art-forms he discusses."

"First clean that; iron and brass well and then tin them before placing them together for soldering...The articles can be tinned by rubbing while hot with resin; then rubbing them over with solder."

"This change does not proceed with disintegrating effects until considerably lower temperatures, when the ‘Tin-Pest’, experienced in organ-pipes, during cold winters on the Continent, occurs."

"I have known a blacksmith, a first-rate workman, unaware of the fact that what are called “tin saucepans" are made of tinned plate iron; and there are abundance of tinmen or tin-plate workers who are entirely ignorant of the process by which tin plates are prepared."

"...kinds of Tin Ore being extremely variable, and not properly refinable in such small quantities, and the manner of agreeing for or buying the Tin Ore of all sorts being to give Tin bills or promissory notes to the owners thereof, engaging to deliver them at the next coinage so many hundreds of refined Tin for every twenty hundred weight of the ore or Black Tin."

"My first phone was two tin cans tied together with string, and it worked pretty good."

"Another version: The urban legend that tin plague caused the disintegration of tin buttons on the trousers of Napoleon’s Grande Armée as it retreated from Moscow in 1812, supposedly causing a collapse of morale (if not of the trousers)."

"Some unverifiable sources also say that during Napoleon's Russian campaign of 1812, the temperatures became so cold that the tin buttons on the soldiers' uniforms disintegrated over time, contributing to the defeat of the Grande Armée."

"This conversion is known as tin disease or tin pest. Tin pest was a particular problem in northern Europe in the 18th century as organ pipes made of tin alloy would sometimes be affected during long cold winters."

"A vessel is made of tin, or more usually of tinned iron. Spec is a vessel in which meat, fish, fruit, etc., is hermetically sealed for preservation Locally, a small cylindrical drinking vessel or mug with a handle is made of tin."

"Block tin is tin of second quality cast into blocks; Solid tin is distinct from tin plate; a receptacle made from this. Grain tin is a very pure tin obtained by fusing stream tin in a blast furnace supplied with charcoal, and breaking it into small pieces. Phosphor tin is an artificial compound of tin and phosphorus. Stream tin is tin ore washed from the sand or gravel in which it occurs."

"Tin is one of the well-known metals, nearly approaching silver in whiteness and lustre, highly malleable and taking a high polish; used in the manufacture of articles of Tin, in the formation of alloys, as bronze, pewter, etc., and, on account of its resistance to oxidation, for making tin-plate and lining culinary and other iron vessels."

"The simplest fix for better grilling is to line the inside of your barbecue with tin foil. It dramatically affects how evenly the heat is distributed. That crusty black hibachi or Weber grill is doing your food no favors."

"When our brother Fire was having his dog's day Jumping the London streets with millions of tin cans Clanking at his tail, we heard some shadow say 'Give the dog a bone' - and so we gave him ours; Night after night we watched his slaver and crunch away The beams of human life, the tops of topless towers."

"They reached for the leather cases to which their shields were pinned. Simultaneously, they pinned the tin to their collars and then walked toward the desk behind which another patrolman was seated."

"It is inconceivable — and consequently very English! — to have a capital as Simla is entirely of tin roofs, and then the tin roofs monkeying better materials and reducing the whole show to absurdity."

"Periodic table There's antimony, arsenic, aluminium, selenium, And hydrogen and oxygen and, nitrogen and rhenium, And nickel, neodymium, neptunium, germanium, And iron, americium, ruthenium, uranium, Europium, zirconium, lutetium, vanadium, And lanthanum and osmium and astatine and radium, And gold and protactinium and indium and gallium, And iodine and thorium and thulium and thallium. There's yttrium, ytterbium, actinium, rubidium, And boron, gadolinium, niobium, iridium, And strontium and silicon and silver and samarium, And bismuth, bromine, lithium, beryllium and barium. There's holmium and helium and hafnium and erbium, And phosphorus and francium and fluorine and terbium, And manganese and mercury, molybdenum, magnesium, Dysprosium and scandium and cerium and cesium, And lead, praseodymium and platinum, plutonium, Palladium, promethium, potassium, polonium, And tantalum, technetium, titanium, tellurium, And cadmium and calcium and chromium and curium. There's sulfur, californium and fermium, berkelium, And also mendelevium, einsteinium, nobelium, And argon, krypton, neon, radon, xenon, zinc and rhodium, And chlorine, cobalt, carbon, copper, tungsten, tin and sodium. These are the only ones of which the news has come to Harvard, And there may be many others, but theyhaven't been discovered."

"I'm not ready to say whether it's good or bad, but when a man owns the tin, he has a vested interest in it and there is more pride in what he's doing than when he turns it over to a second party."

"The Little Tin Gods harried their little tin souls. Seeing he came not from Chetham, jingled no spurs at his heels Knowing that, nevertheless, was he first on the Government rolls For the billet of Railway Inspector to little Tin Gods on Wheels."

"If the white tin is brought in contact with gray tin at ordinary temperatures (below + 20° C), it turns very slowly into gray tin, falling to powder, probably because of the increase in volume (this phenomenon is called the "tin-disease")."

"Many colonists decorated their homes with objects made out of punched tin. Sometimes they had punched-tin lanterns or candle holders. They also hung punched-tin pictures on their wall."

"There seems to be a paucity of very ancient objects made entirely of tin — a lack which is sometimes laid at the door of the disintegration of tin through "[[w:Tin pest|tin pest". This is hardly an adequate reason as "tin pest" is difficult enough to initiate."

"Many persons still extant, must remember the villainous old coinage of George III.; the tin-like sixpences which added a word to the slang dictionary, and the button-like shillings, of which the image and superscription might have been Caesar's."

"As the temperature falls, white tin tends to change to grey at an increased rate, a maximum velocity being reached at —50° C. The white metal first tarnishes, then becomes covered with a number of grey warts, finally crumbling to a powdery mass. Fortunately, at the ordinary winter temperatures in Britain the rate at which this change occurs is very small."

"In cold countries, such as Russia,... it sometimes happens that a roof or other object of tin will suddenly begin to decay in a peculiar fashion....Organ pipes in Central Europe are frequently of tin, and the same disintegration has been observed in their case. It is also that Tin is in unstable condition whenever the temperature is below 18° C."

"These people are also very ingenious in making tin ware, brooms, cider-brandy, wooden bowls, and tallow candles."

"It is metal well known in ancient times. It is the general opinion that the Phoenicians of Tyre and Sidon obtained their supplies of tin from the British Isles. In Ezek (27:12_ it is said to have been brought from Tarshish, which was probably a commercial emporium supplied with commodities from other places. In Isa (1:25) the word so rendered is generally understood of lead, the alloy with which the silver had become mixed. The fire of the Babylonish Captivity would be the means of purging out the idolatrous alloy that had corrupted the people."

"A malleable, silvery metallic element that occurs in igneous rocks. It has a crystalline structure and crackles when bent. Tin is used as an anticorrosion agent and is a part of numerous alloys, including bronze."

"It is a metallic element, occurring in cassiterite, that has several allotropes; the ordinary malleable silvery-white metal slowly changes below 13.2°C to a grey powder. It is used extensively in alloys, especially bronze and pewter, and as a noncorroding coating for steel."

"It is a low melting, malleable, ductile metallic element nearly approaching silver in color and luster: used in plating and in making alloys, tinfoil, and soft solders."

"We economists are going to be the little tin gods of this generation, as the scientists were of the last, and the doctors before that, and the clergymen before them"

"And a 'tin-back' is a party Who 's remarkable for luck, And his food is called his 'tucker, ' Or his ' panum ' or his 'chuck'."

"I wol yow telle, as was me taught also, The foure spirites and the bodies sevene, By ordre, as ofte I herde my lord hem nevene. The firste spirit quiksilver called is, The seconde orpyment, the thridde, ywis, Sal armonyak, and the firthe brimstoon. The bodys sevene eek, lo! hem heer anoon: Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe, Mars iren, Mercurie quyksilver we clepe, Saturnus leed, and Jupiter is tyn, And Venus coper, by my fader kyn!"

"Of Tin Gods you may oft have heard or read. But this one was entirely made of lead."

"And Eleazar the priest said unto the men of war which went to the battle, This is the ordinance of the law which the LORD commanded Moses; Only the gold, and the silver, the brass, the iron, the tin, and the lead, Every thing that may abide the [[fire, ye shall make it go through the fire, and it shall be clean: nevertheless it shall be purified with the water of separation: and all that abideth not the fire ye shall make go through the water."

"As they gather silver, and brass, and iron, and lead, and tin, into the midst of the furnace, to blow the fire upon it, to melt it; so will I gather you in mine anger and in my fury, and I will leave you there, and melt you."

"The terms used for this metal are either ba'aẓ or avaẓ, kassitera, kassiteron, and gassiteron (Gr. κασσίτερος). Both ba'aẓ and kassitera are used in the same passages (Men. 28b and elsewhere), which implies that they were two different metals or kinds of the same metal. The Temple menorah was not to be made of them, but when the Hasmoneans cleansed the Temple and needed a new menorah (the golden one having been carried off by Antiochus IV), they made it of seven spears plated with tin. It was forbidden to make weights out of metal – tin and lead being mentioned specially – because metal wears away. The traveler Pethahiah of Regensburg (12th century) reports that in Babylonia people were summoned to synagogue by a tin instrument. In the later Middle Ages up to modern times tin was used extensively for artistic *ritual objects such as Ḥanukkah menorot, seder, Kiddush, and Havdalah plates, etc."

"Six metals are mentioned in the Bible and in many passages they are listed in the same order: gold, silver, copper, iron, Tin, and lead... The Bible speaks of the high qualifications necessary for the specialized metalwork of the Tabernacle: "I have endowed him with a divine spirit of skill, ability, and knowledge...to make designs for work, in gold, silver, and copper... Solomon was forced to bring the craftsman Hiram from Tyre to work in copper."

"Chemical signs ought to be letters, for the greater facility of writing, and not to disfigure a printed book … I shall take therefore for the chemical sign, the initial letter of the Latin name of each elementary substance: but as several have the same initial letter, I shall distinguish them in the following manner:— 1. In the class which I shall call metalloids, I shall employ the initial letter only, even when this letter is common to the metalloid and to some metal. 2. In the class of metals, I shall distinguish those that have the same initials with another metal, or a metalloid, by writing the first two letters of the word. 3. If the first two letters be common to two metals, I shall, in that case, add to the initial letter the first consonant which they have not in common: for example, S = sulphur, Si = silicium, St = stibium (antimony), Sn = stannum (tin), C = carbonicum, Co = colbaltum (colbalt), Cu = cuprum (copper), O = oxygen, Os = osmium, &c"

"The solution of tin used by dyers for the scarlet and for many other colours upon wool, silks, and cotton, are commonly called spirits, or tin spirits."

"The big one I missed out on was 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.' MGM wanted me for it, and Warner Bros. wouldn't give me permission to do it."

"In Soft Soft solders with small additions of lead in tin impairs the retention of its bright reflective surface in common atmospheres."