Engineers From The United States

"Moog, who died in 2005, did not invent the synthesizer. Instead, “he’s the one who made it mainstream,” says Mark Ballora, professor of music technology at Penn State University. He became a celebrity, and people used “Moog” (which rhymes with “vogue”) as a synonym for electronic music."

"So many... good ideas... worked... but they couldn’t keep working. Some of the first buildings we put up weren’t good buildings because they leaked. Many of those first solar heaters weren’t... very good..."

"Right after we started Zomeworks, Day Chahroudi came out from California. He’d read the Dome Cookbook and he came walking up the road one afternoon with a rucksack on his back. ...[W]hen he started telling me his ideas about how things worked—physics ...I was so impressed by his ...approach to engineering problems that I persuaded him to stay ...He did and ...soon he developed a solar tracker... very simple and easy to build."

"Some of our hardware is getting pretty good, but it... doesn’t make economic sense for most people. ...[O]ur zomes and heaters and so forth do not yet compete on a dollar basis with... conventional counterparts. It’s very exciting intellectually to work with these ideas but their validity will not really be proven until they start to replace... things they’re meant to replace."

"[W]e started Zomeworks. Barry Hickman and Ed Heinz and I issued stock like a corporation and got a lawyer... [I]t was quite an abrupt change from just casually working together on a project the way we had before."

"When you start experimenting with, say, solar heating by covering collectors with glass or plastic and feeling the warm air blow out of them... well, it’s so exciting that you just get hooked and can’t stop."

"We started making playground climbers–using the 31–zone truss which is... explained in the Zome Primer –and... we were working on solar heating experiments."

"[W]e haven’t had the money... to tool up to manufacture the parts for the playground climbers on a competitive basis. The people... simply can’t afford to buy them. ...[T]hey just can’t hold their own in the market and so we’re not building them anymore."

"I have applied for a patent on this structural system. The patent is assigned to Zomeworks Corporation. The predecessors of this system are the octet truss and the MERO space grid system. The relative potentials of these systems are discussed briefly by a comparison of their geometric possibilities."

"This booklet had first an elementary explanation of the geometry of Zonohedra, then a more difficult account of the growths of the thirty-one zone star. This system, based on the 31 lines that pass through the center of an and either a vertex, edge midpoint of face midpoint is new and unusual."

"The forms possible using this system are limitless; there is no attempt here to explore these possibilities—the examples shown are small probings. The booklet describes the mathematics of the process that creates these limitless forms."

"Zomes can cluster together like soap bubbles. Their zones can be stretched, shrunk, or omitted completely to make the various zomes' different shapes and sizes. The zomes can also pack several layers deep."

"The regular polyhedra are like seeds from which growths may appear. They are the connecting joints for the zonohedra."

"I read this book of ’, Direct Use of the Sun’s Energy, and it just lit up my brain."

"The Skylid has no switches or wires or motors... Instead, the unit contains a series of louvers. Each... is supported and balanced so that it hinges easily around its center and... the louvers are connected with a tie rod so they’ll open and close simultaneously. ...[M]ounted on one of the panels are two canisters—one on the outside and one inside ...connected by ...tubing. ... ...with a very low ...can expand ...in one canister and ...condense in the other with a temperature difference of... 1 degree Fahrenheit. This shifting of the Freon’s weight will open and close the... louvers... and the... sun—even the shade of a cloud—produces... enough temperature variation to boil the Freon from one container to the other. ...[A] locking chain... secure[s] the panels anywhere from full open to full close... to override the automatic mechanism."

"I want to build buildings and design systems that are beautiful and simple and that really work. ...It’s not ...exotic or earthshaking to fill 55-gallon drums with water, paint them black and place them in the walls of a home for use as solar collectors ...but it works."

"Stretching zones allows... buildings of different shapes using the same kinds of components."

"[T]he philosophical tactics and... approach taken by the giant corporations and... power groups miss the point... A pencil can break on you and you can sharpen it with your thumbnail and go right on... but if a circuit board or a resistor or condenser quits somewhere inside this recorder, we’re stopped and there’s probably not a lot we can do about it. ...[Y]et we increasingly use tape recorders instead of pencils."

"The and the are duals of each other—the vertices of one match the face midpoints of the other and vice versa."

"The , because of its shape and the arrangement of its structural members is extremely strong, but its uses are limited because of the inflexibility of its shape. It is always part of a sphere... any variation would destroy the structural properties... It is complicated in structure and simple in shape. Zomes are simple in structure and complicated in shape."

"Baer says that solar energy is already supplying a large proportion of our needs through daylight, which makes the use of electric lights during the day unnecessary, and in agriculture, where it enables the production of food. Yet this... "unreclaimed" solar energy is not... counted in the statistics."

"[T]he company's newest product, "Big Fin" water heaters... can be placed inside a greenhouse or other glass enclosed area. After its copper pipes have been heated by the sun, the water... flows to an elevated heating tank by... natural convection and the cool water at the bottom of the tank flows back... There's no electric pump. The cost... $850."

"According to Baer... the best solar ideas come from people who are taking a chance—"and not just drawing a salary.""

"Many other Zomeworks ideas... as... black 55 gallon drums behind glass... (the "drumwall") have... become classics..."

"Ten years later Zomeworks has moved to a newly renovated showroom (once the home of Martineztown dance hall)... [P]anels insulate many of the windows at night... attached by small magnetic clips... only one of the passive solar devices developed by Zomeworks..."

"[T]he devices are cheap. A thermosyphoning solar water heater... costs less than half as much as most solar water heaters. A solar preheater... is even less."

"High above the roofs of... Martineztown, one of Albuquerque's oldest s... a growing army of... structures...point south to capture sunlight... [for] two large buildings... Zomeworks Corporation, one of the nation's earliest companies."

"Founded in 1969... some of the buildings were called "zomes"—or "dodecahedral structures"... Others were heated in a simple way with... "passive" solar heating."

"The company... manufactures... "skylids" (insulated shutters for skylights that open and close with the sun) and "beadwalls" (double pain windows that fill and drain with beads to let the sun in or keep the cold out)."

"I care about the spirit of innovation... I'm an inventor, but it's a bad time for people to do that. Many of us who developed the ideas behind direct gain heating—and have been successful—our ideas have been co-opted by the government, and it's disappointing that the government does not now turn to us for new ideas. ...They're stacking the decks against the little guy ..."

"The tendency is not to care about spending somebody else's money—so even at this time when we're supposed to be conserving energy we're instituting policies that make people conserve less."

"Drop City, Colorado, a rural vacant lot full of elegant funky domes and ditto people, has been well photographed and poorly reported in national magazines. Visitors and readers... assumed that the domes were geodesic Fuller domes, which some... are. But most... were designed by another guy who designed by another geometry: Steve Baer."

"SUMMARY 1) It is best to have a way to prevent both heat gain and heat loss. 2) Be skeptical of mechanical seals. 3) Do not use single glazing unless it is a mild climate or the movable insulation is controlled by a reliable automatic means. 4) Do not install anything you cannot fix. 5) Look for two uses for one material. 6) Break the area to be insulated into pieces so that an air leak in one area will be isolated. 7) Always use strong, durable materials outside."

"[I]t's more satisfying to develop and manufacture less expensive items which pay for themselves. It makes me sleep better at night."

"ZW is a privately owned corporation. We are not supported by federal grants. We depend on your business for support."

"This tabloid contains the crystallographic theory and junkyard practice behind Baer's domes: from how to distort a polyhedron without affecting connector angles to how to chop out a car without losing your foot. ...Baer's theory is unique in architecture. So is his practice; instead of dying of dissertation dry rot, his notions stand around in the world bugging the citizens."

"We've gone too far in letting the government into our affairs..."

"We don't have a shortage of fuel... gas is still cheap and we have an abundance of coal and uranium. The goals might encourage energy conservation—but it would aid in energy conservation if we all dropped dead, too. Energy conservation is not an end in itself—no one really gives a damn about energy conservation—it's happiness that people are concerned with."

"The Dome Cookbook is published by Lama Foundation, an intentional community in New Mexico, built largely of Baer domes."

"You don't need to have a [government energy] policy... there already is a policy—it's each individual's policy. We need the government for some things like the armed forces, but not in the marketplace."

"The effect of clothes and blankets on heat loss is naturally investigated by everyone."

"A sniper scope or camera... that shows... temperatures as... colors would be an enormous help to the investigator. 30 minutes with such... could be as valuable as a week's work... without it. ...[N]ature ...treats you to such a view of the window or skylight with a pattern of frost. ...[S]eals ...[are] the entire problem."

"Treat a glass area like a ship—break it into separate compartments so that a leak in one place won't be fatal."

"When small children first start paying attention to... their allowances they briefly commit their... minds to their few coins and... chores... without... considering the budget of the family's household. We can't allow our entire civilization to be similarly ignorant for long. We must ask who's keeping score and why they have such peculiar methods."

"The great problem with movable insulation is cracks. A door, shutter, or curtain is placed... The optimist notes the R value... but does not achieve it."

"A crack... of 2 in2/ft2... can conduct 1/3 Btu/ft2hr°F."

"A [1974] test on conventional window shades showed... 1) A roller shade inside a with 1/4" gaps at the sides of the shade reduced heat loss through a single glazed window by about 28%. 2) A drape drawn in front of the... window reduced heat loss by about 6%. 3) A venetian blind reduced heat loss by 7%.During the summer the shading devices reduced heat gain by the following... 1) white, opaque roller shade 50% 2) venetian blinds (slats at 45%) 18% 3) venetian blinds (slats closed) 29%"

"Our present accounting system... can only discourage good house design. If the natural solar contribution to house heating from windows is ignored, then the designer knows this... No tax incentives—no credit to the sun in ERDA's graphs."

"The design of houses can be stilted by such graphs."

"[W]e would be much better informed if alongside every graph showing our use of oil, coal and uranium there were also an indication or the total energy received from the sun. Since we can't do without it, let's not omit it from our accounts."