Monks

168 quotes found

"His visit to India falls in the reign of Iltutmlsh (1211-1236 A.D.) of the “Slave” dynasty. Chag lo-tsa-ba witnessed the constant Muslim incursions which followed the conquest of Bihar and Bengal by Ikhtiyar-ud-Din Muhammad between 1193 and 1204-5. Bands of Turushka (Gar-log or Qarluq) soldiers roamed about the country side. Chag lo-tsa-ba describes the defensive measures taken by the inhabitants of Pattala (Pa-ta of our text) in Tirhut. He found Vajrasana in Magadha deserted. Chag lo-tsa-ba describes his meeting with the Raja Buddhasena, whom he calls the ruling Raja of Magadha who had his residence at Vajrasana. Buddhasena is known to Taranatha who adds that the local Sena kings to whom Buddhasena belonged, professed allegiance to their Muslim overlord.. 1 At Vajrasana, Chag lo-tsa-ba found Sravakas in control of the temples. The great Vihara of VikramaSila, one of the seats of Tantric learning, was still existing in the time of Chag dGra-bcom, the uncle of the author (1153-1216 A.D.) and of the Kashmir Pantjita Sakyafrlbha dra (1145-1225 A.D.), who had come to Magadha in about 1174 A.D. and who had been invited to Tibet by Khro-phulo’tsa-ba in 1203 A.D. 1 When our author Chag-Jo-tsa-ba Chos-rje-dpal visited Magadha, there were no traces of it left, the Turushka soldiers having razed it to the ground and thrown the foundation stones into the Ganga. The sack of VikramaSila must have taken place about 1 199 or 1200 A.D. at the time of the conquest by Ikhtiyar-ud-Din Muhammad. The Vihara of Odantapuri, which was also destroyed at the time of the conquest, is mentioned only twice as the residence of a Turushka military commander. From the account of Chag lo-tsa-ba it appears that the great Vihara of Nalanda, though largely deserted and damaged, was still standing in 1235-6, and that scholastic activities continued, notwithstanding the constant perils of the time. At Nalanda Chag-lo-tsa-ba studied with the venerable Pandit a Rahulasribha- dra and witnessed the arrival of Turushka soldeirs. This Rahu- laSribhadra is mentioned by Taranatha in his rGya-gar-chos - byuh, or “ History of Buddhism in India”*, who says that “In the reign of Buddhasena there lived in Nalanda a great Pantjita Rahula- Srlbhadra, who had some seventy students.”"

- Dharmasvamin

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"Among all the nations, there are some that possess a written law, while others simply observe certain fixed customs, for, among those devoid of law, their ancestral usage is accepted in its stead. To this class belong the Seres, who live at the end of the world, and apply as law the customs of their ancestors, which forbid them to commit adultery or incest, to steal, to bear false witness, to kill, or do any wrong whatsoever. The law of the Bactrians, called Brahmans or Islanders, which is derived from the forefatherly prescription, prohibits them for reasons of piety from eating meat, drinking wine, committing adultery, or doing any sort of wrong, solely in consequence of religious scruple. But among the Indians, who dwell beside them, are found murderers, criminals and doers of violence beyond all nature. In the most remote portion of their country, they practice cannibalism and kill travelers and, what is worse still, they devour them like dogs. The Chaldeans and the Babylonians have a different code, which allows them to marry their mothers, to commit carnal sin with their nieces, and to commit murder. They regard every shameless deed as a virtue when they commit it, even when they are far from their own country. The Gelaeans maintain other customs: among them, the women plough, build houses, and perform men's work. But they indulge in vice to the extent of their desire, for they are by no means restrained by their husbands, nor do the latter at all concern themselves about the matter. There are among them bold women who are capable of capturing wild beasts by virtue of their strength. The women have control over their husbands, and rule them. In Britain, many men sleep with one woman, and likewise many women have intercourse with one man. The people carry on without jealousy or restraint the vicious customs of their ancestors. The Amazons have no husbands, but like brute beasts they are filled with desire once each year in the springtime, and come together with the neighboring men. This season seems to them, as it were, a time of celebration and great festival. When they give birth to children and a male is born, they kill it, but if the child is of the female sex, then they nurse it and bring it up carefully."

- George Hamartolos

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