Alcohol

"There's enough alcohol in one year's yield of an acre of potatoes to drive the machinery necessary to cultivate the fields for one hundred years."

"Think about the great thinkers of our time and those times before and in antiquity. Think about Aristotle, Plato and Socrates and Maimonides and Pythagoras, Heraclitus and Rodin and George Washington Carver and Booker T. Washington and Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Edison and Oprah Winfrey and those liberation thinkers like Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth and Marcus Garvey and Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., Nelson Mandela. Think about it my brothers and sisters, Cesar Chavez and George Washington Carver and Booker T Washington, Adam Clayton Powell ectera. Think about them! They were [thinkers]. Pitful our generation and our people today. Here it is 2008, and we're worse off now than we've ever been because our young people do not have the ability to — Think about it! How pitiful we are, here they are on drugs, on heroin, on cocaine, alcoholics. Here they are at the disposal of these kingpins and ectera, because they can't. Here they are making gangs families because they can't."

"Alcohol abuse and alcoholism have a different physiologic effect on women than on men. Societal attitudes about women and alcohol and internal (self-perception) and external (environmental) factors can create barriers to the detection and treatment of female alcohol abusers."

"Morpheus' gifts used to come to me in bottles, Beam and black Jack Daniel's, straight up with a frosted schooner of Jax on the side, while the rain poor down in the neon glow outside the window of an all-night bar not far from the Huey Long Bridge. In a half hour I could kick open a furnace door and fling into the flames all the snakes and squeaking bats that lived inside me. Except the next morning they would writhe with new life in the ashes and come back home, stinking and hungry.""

"In my lowest moments, the only reason I didn't commit suicide was that I knew I wouldn't be able to drink any more if I was dead."

"Wine in; truth out."

"In a few hours it would be midnight and I would have gone a full day on my own without a drink. And one day could mean two. If I stayed off the booze, I knew I'd be able to write again. I started the Dart and headed north up the Coast Highway. There was a blueness to the ocean I had never noticed before."

"It's not like anything you can beat—no matter how hard you try. … It's just that you can't really help them and it's so discouraging—it's all for nothing."

"Jesus," he said to himself. "Drunk for ten years."

"...and another little drink wouldn't do us any harm."

"I got . I had to stop drinking and reorganize my whole life schedule, and that's probably the greatest blessing in my life. I stopped drinking on Aug. 11, 1982, at 20 minutes past 11. I finished two bottles of Chateau Margeaux '54, looked at my watch and said, "That's my last drink," and it was. I'd had enough anyway. I think you could probably float the on the amount I've drunk."

"Habitual intoxication is the epitome of every crime."

"Addictions come from shortages in infancy. People try to compensate this way. Alcoholism is generally produced from a shortage in mother's milk. And heroin addiction is usually due to a lack of being, the absence of recognition; the drug fills the emptiness of not being loved."

"‘Tis not the eating, nor ‘tis not the drinking that is to be blamed, but the excess."

"The use of flesh foods, by the excitation that it exercises on the nervous system, prepares the way for habits of intemperance in everything; and the more flesh is consumed, the more serious is the danger of confirmed alcoholism...The lower part of man’s nature is undoubtedly intensified by the habit of feeding upon corpses. Even after eating a full meal of such horrible material, a man still feels unsatisfied, for he is still conscious of a vague, uncomfortable sense of want, and consequently he suffers greatly from nervous strain. This craving is the hunger of the bodily tissues, which cannot be renewed by the poor stuff offered to them as food. To satisfy this vague craving, or rather to appease these restless nerves so that it will no longer be felt, recourse is often had to stimulants. Sometimes alcoholic beverages are taken; sometimes an attempt is made to allay these feelings with black coffee, and at other times strong tobacco is used in the endeavor to soothe the irritated, exhausted nerves. Here we have the beginning of intemperance, for in the majority of cases intemperance began in the attempt to allay with alcoholic stimulants the vague, uncomfortable sense of want which follows the eating of impoverished food—food that does not feed. There is no doubt that drunkenness, and all the poverty, wretchedness, disease and crime associated with it, may frequently be traced to errors of feeding."

"From the I sailed with sufficient in ballast to last me to Tahiti, where I outfitted with Scotch and American whisky, and thereafter there were no dry stretches between ports. But please do not misunderstand. There was no drunkenness, as drunkenness is ordinarily understood — no staggering and rolling around, no befuddlement of the senses. The skilled and seasoned drinker, with a strong constitution, never descends to anything like that. He drinks to feel good, to get a pleasant jingle, and no more than that. The things he carefully avoids are the nausea of over-drinking, the after-effect of over-drinking, the helplessness and loss of pride of over-drinking. What the skilled and seasoned drinker achieves is a discreet and canny semi-intoxication. And he does it by the twelve-month around without any apparent penalty. There are hundreds of thousands of men of this sort in the United States to-day, in clubs, hotels, and in their own homes — men who are never drunk, and who, though most of them will indignantly deny it, are rarely sober. And all of them fondly believe, as I fondly believed, that they are beating the game."

"Jack London, |location=New York|publisher=The Century Company|year=1913|pages=286–287}} illustrated by ; text at archive.org"

"Suddenly he saw them, the bottles of aguardiente, of anís, of jerez, of Highland Queen, the glasses, a babel of glasses—towering, like the smoke from the train that day—built to the sky, then falling, the glasses toppling and crashing, falling downhill from the Generalife Gardens, the bottles breaking, bottles of Oporto, tinto, blanco, bottles of Pernod, Oxygènée, absinthe, bottles smashing, bottles cast aside, falling with a thud on the ground in parks, under benches, beds, cinema seats, hidden in drawers at Consulates, bottles of Calvados dropped and broken, or bursting into smithereens, tossed into garbage heaps, flung into the sea, the Mediterranean, the Caspian, the Caribbean, bottles floating in the ocean, dead Scotchmen on the Atlantic highlands—and now he saw them, smelt them, all, from the very beginning—bottles, bottles, bottles, and glasses, glasses, glasses, of bitter, of Dubonnet, of Falstaff, Rye, Johnny Walker, Vieux Whiskey blanc Canadien, the apéritifs, the digestifs, the demis, the dobles, the noch ein Herr Obers, the et glas Araks, the tusen taks, the bottles, the bottles, the beautiful bottles of tequila, and the gourds, gourds, gourds, the millions of gourds of beautiful mescal . . ."

"Following Albert Hoffmann's discovery of LSD's psychoactive properties in 1943, and previous to their scheduling as controlled substances, the psychedelic drugs were widely studied--six international conferences and hundreds of papers discussed their potential therapeutic usefulness. The observation that the frightening experience of delirium tremens sometimes led alcoholics to moderate their alcohol intake suggested to early psychedelic researchers that the "psychotomimetic" experience thought to be produced by LSD could be used to treat alcoholism. A number of hypothesis-generating studies employing a variety of research designs to examine this premise were completed, but relatively few controlled trials attempted hypothesis testing. After twenty-five years of study, a combination of flawed methodology, uneven results and social reprehension led to the abandonment of research on the therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs, leaving many avenues of inquiry unexplored and many questions unanswered. Today, after a thirty-year hiatus, this research is gradually being resumed, and there is renewed interest in the findings of previous studies."

"Drink is in itself a good creature of God, but the abuse of drink is from Satan."

"Mrs. Morse had been drinking all the afternoon; while she dressed to go out, she felt herself rising pleasurably from drowsiness to high spirits. But as she came out into the street the effects of the whisky deserted her completely, and she was filled with a slow, grinding wretchedness so horrible that she stood swaying on the pavement, unable for a moment to move forward."

"Who has woe? Who has uneasiness? Who has quarrels? Who has complaints? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bleary eyes? Those lingering long over wine; those searching out mixed wine. Do not look at the wine’s red color as it sparkles in the cup and goes down smoothly, for in the end it bites like a serpent, and it secretes poison like a viper. Your eyes will see strange things, and your heart will speak perverse things. And you will be like one lying down in the middle of the sea, like one lying at the top of a ship’s mast. You will say: “They have struck me, but I did not feel it. They beat me, but I did not know it. When will I wake up? I need another drink.”"

"Alcoholism is the disease of more."

"Perhaps the single greatest influence on the scope and direction of alcohol research has been the finding that a portion of the vulnerability to alcoholism is genetic. This finding, more than any other, helped to establish the biological basis of alcoholism. It also provided the basis—and justification—for much of the progress in genetics, neuroscience, and neurobehavior described in the Tenth Special Report. Today we know that approximately 50 to 60 percent of the risk for developing alcoholism is genetic. Genes direct the synthesis of proteins, and it is the proteins that drive and regulate critical chemical reactions throughout the human body. Genetics, therefore, affects virtually every facet of alcohol research, from neuroscience to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome."

"One of the principal payoffs of biological research in genetics and neuroscience is the potential for developing medications to treat a variety of alcohol use problems. Neuroscience research already has provided the groundwork for new medications for treating alcoholism. Researchers now are looking for new medications that target the mechanisms of the addiction itself, such as drugs that interfere with the reward properties of alcohol or craving, which are thought to be major factors in relapse. It is likely that no one medication will be effective for everyone nor that there will be the proverbial “silver bullet” of pharmacotherapies for alcoholism. Just as there are different types of medications with different mechanisms of action to treat complex diseases like diabetes, it is likely that there will be a range of medications, coupled with verbal therapies, available to clinicians"

"As an alcoholic, you will violate your standards quicker than you can lower them. You will do shit that even the Devil would go "Dude....""

"Men to whom wine had brought death long before lay by springs of wine and drank still, too stupefied to know their lives were past."

"Negative mood states — depressed, anxious, angry, frustrated, etc. — as well as positive mood states (such as happiness) are well-known triggers for alcohol use in alcoholics as well as heavy drinkers or people who don’t have alcohol-related problems. There are plenty of research supporting these associations."

"The classical procedure for oxidizing primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones involves treatment of the appropriate alcohol with a chromium(VI) reagent. Oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes requires anhydrous conditions. In the presence of water, the resultant aldehyde can form the hydrate, which may be further oxidized to the carboxylic acid."

"The Jones reagent is an excellent reagent for the oxidation of secondary alcohols that do not contain acid-sensitive groups such as acetals. Oxidation of primary alcohols with Jones reagent may result in the conversion of the aldehydes initially formed to the corresponding carboxylic acids. … Chromic acid oxidation may also be performed in the presence of water-immiscible solvents."

"CrO2·C5H5N is a mild reagent for the oxidation of alcohols that contain acid-sensitive groups. … Primary and secondary alcohols are readily oxidized in CH2Cl2 utilizing 1 to 1.5 equivalents of PCC. … PDC is soluble in H2O, DMF, and DMSO but sparingly soluble in CH2Cl2 or CHCl3. The reagent is less acidic than PCC. Hence, oxidations in CH2Cl2 can be carried out under nearly neutral conditions. This permits the conversion of primary alcohols containing acid-sensitive groups into the corresponding aldehydes or ketones, as illustrated below."

"The Swern oxidation proceeds rapidly at low temperatures and thus can be employed for the preparation of a-keto aldehydes and acylsilanes, which are hyperactive carbonyl compounds and prone to hydration, polymerization, and air oxidation. … The Dess-Martin oxidation of alcohols has proven to be an efficient method for the conversion of primary and secondary alcohol to aldehydes and ketones, respectively. The rate of oxidation is markedly accelerated in the presence of water. … [TPAP(Pr4N+RuO4-)] is commercially available and environmentally friendly since it is used in catalytic amounts in the presence of a co-oxidant such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMO)."

"MnO2 is a highly chemoselective oxidant—allylic, benzylic, and propargylic alcohols are oxidized faster than saturated alcohols. The oxidation takes place under mild conditions in H2O, acetone, or CHCl3. … Ba[MnO4]2 possesses similar chemoselectivites as MnO2 in oxidations of alcohols, but it is more readily available and does not require special treatment for its activation. … Silver carbonate is especially useful for small-scale oxidations since the products usually are recovered in high purity by simply filtering the Ago and evaporating the solvent. … TEMPO is a commercially available nitroxyl radical-containing reagent that catalyzes the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols in conjunction with co-oxidants.… Chemoselective oxidation of a secondary OH group in the presence of a primary OH group has been achieved with (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6, NaBrO3. Note, however, that the reagent does not tolerate the presence of double bonds. … Triphenylcarbenium salts (Ph3C+X-) selectively oxidize secondary t-butyl or triphenylmethyl (trityl) ethers derived from alcohols. The oxidation proceeds via initial hydride abstraction followed by loss of the group on oxygen. … Chemoselective oxidation of a secondary OH group in the presence of a primary OH group is possible with NaOCl in aqueous acetic acid."

"A carbonyl transposition can be effected via the addition of a vinyl or an alkyl Grignard reagent to an α,β-unsaturated ketone. Acid-catalyzed rearrangement of the resultant allylic alcohol during oxidation with PCC affords the transposed α,β-unsaturated carbonyl substrate. This reaction represents a useful alternative when Wittig olefination of the ketone is problematic. Tertiary bis(allylic) alcohols are oxidized by PCC or PDC to the carbonyl transposed dienones. Addition of silica gel (SiO2) to the PCC reaction greatly facilitates the workup, and application of ultrasound enhances the rate of the reaction and the yield of the product."