"Since the early and mid eighties, the mindfulness practices of the various styles of vipassanā have been applied to many areas outside of its original Buddhist context. Perhaps the most successful of such applications was initiated by Jon Kabat-Zinn at the pain and stress reduction program at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center... because of the dramatic success his program has had in alleviating pain and stress, the Kabat-Zinn program has spawned the rapid adaptation of mindfulness-based stress reduction programs in many hospitals and medical clinics around the United States. In addition to training people to teach mindfulness in medical settings, Jon Kabat-Zinn has also trained social workers to bring awareness meditation and practices to prisons and to residents of inner cities. Similarly vipassanā-derived mindfulness practices have been integrated into the work of some American psychotherapists especially among those affiliated with the Association of Transpersonal Psychology."