"It is reasonable to assume that if a fresh nocturnal ejaculate could be obtained, sperm motility will be improved. When freeze-thawed nocturnal sperm were compared with fresh sperm obtained by electroejaculation, sperm count improved significantly in two of three patients after electroejaculation. The higher sperm concentrations are evidence of the efficacy of the stimulatory effect of electroejaculation. The thawed sperm were used in intracytoplasmic sperm injection to fertilize oocytes; overall, 45% of the oocytes that were injected were fertilized and cleaved normally. Our preliminary results suggest that sperm from nocturnal emissions that can be preserved may serve as an alternative source of sperm for patients who are unable to consciously ejaculate after masturbation or during sexual relations, particularly men with psychogenic anejaculation. The use of this sperm may be considered before procedures such as electroejaculation or testicular sperm extraction are performed."