"A new animal was abroad on the planet, spreading slowly out from the African heartland. It was still so rare that a hasty census might have overlooked it. In the hundred thousand years since the crystals had descended upon Africa, the man-apes had invented nothing. But they had started to change, and had developed skills which no other animal possessed."
January 1, 1970
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/2001%3A_A_Space_Odyssey_(novel)