"The old theory was that all... heavenly bodies revolved... from east to west, but that the planets revolved more slowly the further they were removed from the heavens, so... those... nearest the earth are "overtaken" by those that are further away. This view was... maintained by Demokritos, and that it was... Pythagorean... follow[s] from... the "harmony of the spheres." [W]e cannot attribute this theory in... later form to the Pythagoreans of the fifth century, but we have... testimony of Aristotle... that those Pythagoreans whose doctrine he knew believed... heavenly bodies produced s in their courses. ...[V]elocities of these bodies depended on the distances between... [which] corresponded to the intervals of the . He... implies that the heaven of the fixed stars takes part in the concert; for... "the sun, the moon, and the stars, so great in magnitude and in number as they are..." ...[T]he slower bodies give out a deep note and the swifter a high note."