"[The then king Buddhasena (the last but one independent ruler in the area) had] fled into the forest on the outskirts of Gaya on the approach of the Turkish raiders but returned soon after withdrawal. [The famous Tibetan monk Dharmaswami] had to flee away for seventeen days, owing to the [apprehension of] the attack of the Turks, [and king Buddhasena,] not able to provide protection, escaped into the forest for fear of the Turks. ... According to Dharmaswami, the Bodh Gaya establishment had been deserted by all except for [some] monks, on account of the repeated Turkish conquests."