"Gwalior is one of the Vidyasthanas or seats of learning of the Digambara Jains and the fort contains one small Jain temple to Parasnath, and the remains of another Jain temple, both of the twelfth century...The only really important Jain remains are the five great collection of figures carved on the face of the rock itself, which were all executed between 1440 and 1473 during the sway of the Tonwara dynasty. Some of the figures are colossal, one in the group near Urwahi gate being 57 feet high. Babur noticed this figure and adds that he ordered all of them to be destroyed, but, as a matter of fact, only some of those most easily were partially mutilated, while others were destroyed later on by Muhammadan governors of the fort, and a large number by the Public Works Department, who in 1869 broke them up for use as road metal."