"Developmentalism without socialist policy may fail to address basic problems of inequality and precarity, as the South Korea case makes clear. Continued capital accumulation may create pressures for , including through subimperialist appropriation, which works against the goals of human development. This approach cannot deliver economic democracy and well-being for all. Top-down planning, as in the Soviet Union and China in the Mao Zedong period, may allow managers to pursue policies that run against the interests of the population—for instance, the agricultural policies that caused the Soviet famine of 1932–33. This is at odds with the socialist goals of workers’ self-management and democratic control over production. To overcome these problems, we need a socialist strategy in the twenty-first century that is radically democratic, extending democracy to production itself."