"Every year the Association for Computing Machinery awards the ACM Turing Award, the computer science equivalent of the Nobel Prize, named for Alan Turing, who gave computer science its foundations in the 1930s. In 1982 the ACM presented the Turing Award to Stephen Cook for his work formulating the P versus NP problem. But one Turing Award for the P versus NP problem is not enough, and in 1985 Richard Karp received the award for his work on algorithms, most notably for the twenty-one NP-complete problems."