"The Hayek-Keynes interchange during 1931-32 is sometimes characterized as a “debate.” Actually, as economic historian Bert Tieben writes, “One may conclude that what characterizes the Hayek-Keynes controversy is the absence of debate.” Both sides launched their broadsides, and that was about it. There was no sustained, considered, fruitful exchange. Neither side persuaded the other to change its mind, nor even persuaded the other that there was much of value in its own position."