"Another radical idea of that time is the Beuysian concept of the Social Sculpture. During the 1960s Beuys formulated his central theoretical ideas concerning the social, cultural, and political function and potential of art. Motivated by a utopian belief in the power of universal human creativity, he was confident in the potential for art to bring about revolutionary change. In his concept of the Social Sculpture, society as a whole was to be regarded as one great work of art (the Wagnerian Gesamtkunstwerk) to which each person can contribute creatively. Some of the first artists to include technical devices in their audience participatory art works were Jean Tinguely, Robert Rauschenberg, Nam June Paik, Nicolas Schoeffer, James Seawright, Edward Ihnatowicz, and Tony Martin."