"The martyrdom of the ninth Guru, Teg Bahadur is the third phase. His successor Guru Gobind Singh who founded a radical institution called the Khalsa in 1699. He introduced some fundamental innovations: a) institution of the panj pyarey (the five beloved ones); b) new-style initiation of amrit (water of immortality; and c) introduction of the title Singh for men and Kaur for women. The distinction between amritdhari (initiated) and non-amritdhari Sikhs occurred after the founding of the Khalsa in 1699."