"Two conditions are essential for an absolute independence of powers. First, that the source from which they emanate is one; second, that they all exert upon each other reciprocal vigilance. The people would not be sovereign, if one of the constituted powers that represent them, did not emanate immediately from them; and there would be no independence if one of them was the creator of the other. Give the legislature, for example, the right to appoint members of the executive power; it will exert on them a fatal influence, and political liberty will no longer exist. If the legislature appoints the judges, it would influence the judgments and there would be no civil liberty. Thus in England, where the executive power exerts a marked influence on the legislature, political liberty is considerably diminished. The judicial power, whatever appointed by the executive, is immune from its fatal influence because the people compose the jury and the judges are irremovable; so civil liberty has not yet received almost no attack."