"“Privacy” can be viewed as a term with referential meaning; it is typically used to refer to or denote something. But “privacy” has been used to denote many quite different things and has varied connotations. As Edward Shils observed 20 years ago: Numerous meaning crowd in the mind that tries to analyze privacy: the privacy of private property; privacy as a proprietary interest in name and image; privacy as the keeping of one's affairs to oneself; the privacy of the internal affairs of a voluntary association or of a business; privacy as the physical absence of others who are unqualified by kinship, affection or other attributes to be present; respect for privacy as the respect for the desire of another perosn not to disclose or to have disclosed information about what he is doing or has done; the privacy of sexual and familial affairs; the desire for privacy as the desire not to be observed by another person or persons; the privacy of the private citizen as opposed to the public official; and these are only a few. Definitions of privacy maybe narrow or extremely broad. One of the best known definitions of privacy is that set forth by Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis in a 1890 article that first enunciated the concept of privacy as a legal interest deserving an independent remedy. Privacy was described as “the right to belet alone”. In spite of its breadt, this view has been influential for nearly a century. In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, the proliferation of information technology (and concurrent developments in the law of reproductive and sexual liberties) has inspired further and more sophisticated inquiry into the meaning of privacy. In hs work “Privacy and Freedom”, Alan Westin conceived of privacy as “an instrument for ahcieving individual goals of self realization” and defined it as “the claim of inndividuals, groups or institutions to determine for themselves when, how and to what extent informatio about them is communicated to others,” approaching the concept in term sof informational privacy. WA Parent defined privacy in ters of information as “conditio of not having undocumented personal information about onself known by others”. In contrast, Ruth Gavison defines privacy broadly as “limited access in the senses of solitude, secrecy and anonymity”. In her view, “privacy” is a measure of the extent to which an individual is known, the extent to which an individual is the subject of attention, and the extent to which others are in physical proximity to an individual. Her deifnition of privacy was to include: such “typical” invasions of privacy as the collection, storage, and computerization of information; the dissemination of information about individuals; peeping, following, watching, and photographing individuals intruding or entering “private” places; eavesdropping, wiretapping, reading of leters, drawing attention to individuals, required testing of individuals; and forces disclosure of information [emphasis added]."