"Schmidt-Rottluff viewed the city as an endless reservoir of artistic impulses, being inspired by the exhibits of the international Avant-Garde, Cubism, Futurism, and African artifacts. His 1912 ' Häuser bei Nacht' (Houses by Night) reveals this Cubist influence, in its solid construction of forms and patches of color. Simultaneously, it presents Die Brücke's new mindset of city life. The houses are sharp, ascend upwards crookedly, and seem ominous. Schmidt-Rottluff utilizes the primary colors that were so common for the group but gives them a gloomy and almost threatening tone here."