"The idea of atavism was pervasive in the late nineteenth century, and police forces across Europe developed files of “mug shots” of criminals to be able to identify the “criminal type.” A version of this atavistic type is Count Dracula, as portrayed in Bram Stroker's Dracula (1897). Dracula himself is a version of degenerate, the Transylvanian aristocrat who has revolved into a parasitic being, feeding on the blood and life of others. The vampire in this text is the embodiment of Otherness: non-European, able to shift shape and identity, of predatory sexuality, unnaturally long-lived, and strange and threatening in facial expression and behavior. Jonathan Harker's description of the Count resembles the cataloguing of Lombroso's physiognomy..."