"Coeliac disease is an characterized by and upon exposure to . It has a global of approximately 1%. Although the can be an effective treatment, this diet is burdensome with practical difficulties and frequent inadvertent gluten exposure. Moreover, there are a variety of potential s and of coeliac disease that might be related to malabsorption and/or chronic immune activation. Overall, individuals with coeliac disease have increased mortality compared with the general population, underscoring the severity of this common disease. and s that have been associated with coeliac disease include poor growth, reproductive complications, kidney and liver diseases, respiratory disease (such as ) and infections (including ). Furthermore, coeliac disease has been linked to other autoimmune disease and psychiatric disease, as well as certain cancers. Data suggest that mucosal healing on a gluten-free diet might protect against some, but not all, of these complications."