"In Indian philosophy only empirical proof (प्रतरक प्रमार) was universally accepted, by all schools of philosophy. Further, the Lokayata accepted only empirical proofs; specifically they rejected deductive proof (अिम ाि) as inferior. As the Lokayata critique of deductive proofs shows, and as even formal mathematicians today admit, deductively proven theorems are, at best, true relative to postulates. Hence, mere deductive proof does NOT lead to valid knowledge (the goal of Indian philosophy) until the postulates are empirically validated, as in science."