"“Ptolemy’s” Almagest begins (as natural for an 11th c. text) with what look like paraphrases of controversies from the history of Indian astronomy, “Aristotle’s” syllogisms are remarkably similar to the Nyàya theory of syllogisms, "Aristotle" uses theories like those of "action by contact" and the same words like "aether" (= sky = dkdsa) long used in India, and his physics is as similar to Arabic physics as "Archimedes" is to 11th c. Arabic mathematics."