"has been the cornerstone for research advancement, scientific innovation, , and economic prosperity ... The ’s Leadership Computing Facilities have a long history of enabling researchers to accelerate and deliver practical breakthroughs for some of the most computationally challenging problems. These research and development advances happen across many disciplines such as , , , astrophysics, biology, and engineering to name a few. In addition, supercomputing has proven to be an effective ally to our society by helping us address critical and pressing challenges, such as climate change, , and . For instance, supercomputers help researchers develop personalized medical treatments as well as better predict and manage the effects of natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes through the use of advanced s. ... These discoveries help shape our understanding of the universe, bolster US economic competitiveness, and contribute to a better future. ..."