"... Most of the cultivated rye species are members of the genus ', and has probably evolved from a perennial grass (') that still grows wild in southern Europe (Arendt and Zannini, 2013; Sapirstein and Bushuk, 2016; Wrigley and Bushuk, 2017). Although rye is now cultivated worldwide, in terms of total production it is a minor . The distribution of rye production differs from that of wheat, due to its demand for cooler growth temperatures and large differences in regional preferences for rye-based products (Poutanen et al., 2014; Wrigley and Bushuk, 2017). Europe provides more than 85% of the world’s rye production (12.8 million tons, 2019), including the leading rye producing countries: Germany, Poland, Russia, Denmark, and Belarus."