"In 1882, William Hastie, principal of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland's institu- tion in Calcutta, in letters he addressed to "educated Hindus" about their religion, consid- ered that "no pen has yet adequately depicted all the hideousness and grossness of the monstrous system." Hastie was well aware that Hindu idolatry originated from the same Aryan stem as that of the Greeks. But the latter had been "recalled from their idolatrous errors," while India remained "the most stupendous fortress and citadel of ancient error and idolatry, . . . paralleled only by the spirits of Pandemonium," a country whose reli- gion consisted of "senseless mummeries, loathsome impurities and bloody barbarous sacrifices." It has "consecrated and encouraged every conceivable form of licentiousness, falsehood, injustice, cruelty, robbery, murder," and "its sublimest spiritual states have been but the reflex of physiological conditions in disease" (24-33)."